Python Operators

There are five groups of operators in the Python programming language: arithmetic, comparison, assignment, logical, identity, membership, and bitwise.

• Arithmetic operators – are used to perform basic mathematical operations
• Comparison operators – are used to compare values, they return a True/False based on the statement
• Assignment operators – are used to perform some operation and assign a value to a variable
• Logical operators – are used to combine conditional statements
• Identity operators – are used to determine if objects are the same
• Membership operators – are used to determine if a value is found in a sequence
• Bitwise operators – are used to perform operations at the bit level

Combining Operators

You can combine various operators together:

>>>  x = 3
>>> (x < 5 + 1) and (x > 1)
True

Arithmetic Operators

Operator	Description	Example
+	Addition	8 + 3 = 11
–	Subtraction	8 – 3 = 5
*	Multiplication	8 * 3 = 24
/	Division	8 / 3 = 2.66…
//	Floor division – round down division	16//3 = 5
%	Modulo operation – remainder from division	16%3 = 1
**	Power operation	2**3 = 8

Order of operation

In Python, just like in Math order of arithmetic operations is governed by PEMDAS – Parentheses, Exponent, Multiplication, Division, Addition, Subtraction.

>>> 3 + 2 * 8
19
>>> (3 + 2) * 8
40

Comparison Operators

Operator	Description	Example
==	Equal	a == b
!=	Not equal	a != b
>	Greater than	a > b
<	Less than	a < b
>=	Greater than or equal	a >= b
<=	Less than or equal	a <= b

Assignment Operators

Operator	Description	Example
=	Assignment	x = 5
+=	Addition assignment	x += 5
-=	Subtraction assignment	x -= 5
*=	Multiplication assignment	x *= 5
/=	Division assignment	x /= 5
%=	Modulus assignment	x %= 5
//=	Floor division assignment	x //= 5
**=	Power assignment	x **= 5
&=	Bitwise AND assignment	x &= 5
|=	Bitwise OR assignment	x != 5
^=	Bitwise XOR assignment	x ^= 5
>>=	Bitwise shift right assignment	x >>= 5
<<=	Bitwise shift left assignment	x <<= 5

Logical Operators

Operator	Description	Example
and	And logical operation	x > 3 and x < 8
or	Or logical operation	x < 3 or x > 8
not	Not logical operation	not x

Identity Operators

Operator	Description	Example
is	Is the same object	x is y
is not	Is not the same object	x is not y

Membership Operators

Operator	Description	Example
in	In a sequence	x in [1, 2, 3]
not in	Not in a sequence	x not in [1, 2, 3]

Bitwise Operators

Operator	Description	Example
&	Bitwise AND	x & 5
|	Bitwise OR	x | 5
^	Bitwise XOR	x ^ 5
<<	Bitwise shift left	x << 5
>>	Bitwise shift right	x >> 5